Nineteen Eighty - Four TEST RESPONSE TOPIC THREE (3) Essays

Nineteen Eighty - Four ? TEST RESPONSE: TOPIC THREE (3) In the informative supplement of Nineteen Eighty-Four George Orwell cautions against the colossal force a system can hold once it has control of the language. Winston, then again, accepts he is free as long as he can hang on the numerical aphorism, 2+2=4. Tragically, Winston terribly thinks little of the sheer force held be Oceania's extremist system. With the Inner Party in charge, Oceanian culture has been intentionally attracted down to a profound, unpreventable financial slough, with Party practicing its cognizant point of supporting a condition of unfreedom and imbalance. Having taken in a lot from extremist systems that had bombed previously, the Inner Party turned into a little decision bunch that was resolved to make a cultural structure that would guarantee the Party kept up a perpetual fortification over Oceania and its kin. In contrast to their forerunners, the Inner Party was involved individuals who were less ravenous, less enticed by extravagance, hungrier for unadulterated force, or more all, progressively aware of what they were doing and increasingly expectation on pulverizing resistance. From this steely purpose of the Inner Party to be the interminable gatekeepers of intensity in Oceania stems the wide and changed wellsprings of truth and force held be the extremist system. All in all, these sources present an alarming mix that, on a very basic level, serves to devastate the embodiment of the human soul and to guarantee the decision bunch an unending rule of intensity. As Orwell subtleties in the reference section of the novel, authority over language is one of the significant wellsprings of truth and force held by Oceania's extremist system. The presentation and consistent usage of Newspeak as the language of decision for Party individuals, implied that the Party adequately accepted control of the limits of human articulation and thought. The end of words and expressions considered ominous to the Party and its standards made it amazingly hard to communicate clashing or deprecatory perspectives towards the Party. Furthermore, with this concealment of free idea through language, the Party is additionally ready to dispose of undesirable thoughts, feelings, and goals related with those words. The exemplification of the trademark Numbness is Strength is another wellspring of intensity for the authoritarian system in Oceania. The Party misuses the fundamental thought that uninformed individuals are content individuals; essentially be

Swot Analysis of Netflix

SWOT investigation for Netflix: Strengths: 1. Restrictive innovation. Netflix has restrictive innovation framework to stream TV shows and motion pictures and furthermore including handling conveyance and bring DVDs back. This particular framework makes the business in Netflix more productivity. 2. Altruism and brand esteem. Netflix is an organization with notoriety. It has 15 years encounters and has a decent arrangement of faithful shoppers. 3. Serious cost. The administration is in costly in Netflix. It simply cost 8 dollar for every month and supporters can appreciate boundless review. 4. Basic help process.The administration process in Netflix is straightforward. There are no ads, no duties, no agreements which can spare consumer’s time and make the administration more proficiency. 5. Liberal chiefs. They persistently get input from their customers to change their system which makes the organization increasingly gainful and forestall numerous dangers. 6. Great client exper ience. With only a smidgen of timing, clients can have motion pictures going back and forth in order to quite often have a film prepared to watch. Which creating faithful and energetic clients. Shortcoming: 1.Third-party coordinations or outsider gadget. Netflix host to depend on third-get-together coordinations or outsider gadget, which mean if customers lose certain with US mail framework or a few gadgets organization, it will have terrible impact on the notoriety of Netflix. 2. Laws and government guidelines. As an industry depend on web, Netflix needs to keep constant consideration regarding laws and government guidelines and make a snappy response if something changed. 3. Estimating power. It needs to acknowledge the rates and conveyance plans set by the U. S. postal help, just as the rates set by gushing suppliers. . Powerless of web framework. As the principle administration of Netflix is finished on web, there gets the opportunity that the framework to be assaulted by progra mmer and it will welcome colossal negative impact on Netflix. 5. Obligations. Netflix have given $400 million in the red contributions and may bring about extra obligation later on, which may unfavorably influence their money related condition and future budgetary outcomes. 6. Content circulation. These are not restrictive, which permitting contenders access to similar motion pictures and network shows, leaving the route open for rivalry. Openings 1.Branding worth. Netflix can turn into the principal thing individuals consider for watching films at home, much the same as â€Å"Google† is the main thing many consider for looking. There's been in any event one example of utilizing the word â€Å"Netflix† as an action word, so this could be the start. 2. Innovation evolving. As the innovation evolving quick, Netflix can utilize ceaselessly methodology changing to take the main mover advantage. 3. The enormous and expanding market. There have more than 30 million individua ls in more than 50 nations getting a charge out of over a billion hours of TV show and motion pictures from Netflix each month.As the market is as yet expanding, there has a major open door for Netflix. 4. Worldwide growing. As Netflix will extending its space outside United States, it will confront numerous chances and difficulties. 5. Circulation. As more endorsers get on, the estimation of Netflix as a merchant of substance for studios goes up, prompting all the more evaluating power for Netflix and less for the substance makers. Dangers 1. Contenders. That current or new competitorâ in a similar area, for instance Google,YouTube and Amazon is the following most genuine danger after Hulu. 2. Free advertisement bolstered TV shows and motion pictures. In the event that huge market fragment bring for this sort of free TV shows and motion pictures, the pace of development in Netflix could be decay. 3. The obligation for carelessness, copyright or patent. Face the potential risk for content transferred from their clients. Netflix have the conceivable to be suit if their purchasers transfer a few recordings illicit, which will cost Netflix a ton and will have negative consequences of their activity work. 4. The Copyright law change. In the event that U.S. Copyright law were modified to correct or kill the First Sale Doctrine or if studios somehow managed to discharge or disseminate titles on DVD in a way that endeavors to go around or limit the impacts of the First Sale Doctrine, their business could be antagonistically influenced. 5. Progressively cost of their securing of DVD content and the calculated organization. They can't haggle with the studios in view of purchasers have records and they need to purchase the films on the rundown. As works cost increasingly more costly the conveyance DVDs cost is expanding. Hazard 1.If Netflix endeavors to pull in and hold supporters are not fruitful, their business will be unfavorably influenced. 2. On the off chance tha t Netflix unfit to effectively or gainfully contend with present and new contenders, projects and advancements, their business will be antagonistically influenced, and they will most likely be unable to increment or keep up piece of the pie, incomes or productivity. 3. On the off chance that Netflix can't keep on recuperating from the negative buyer response to their value change and different declarations made during the second from last quarter of 2011, their business will be antagonistically influenced. . On the off chance that Netflix can't anticipate the buyer seeing propensities precisely perhaps it will make some off-base methodology and have unfavorably influenced. 5. A large number of their frameworks and operational practices were actualized when Netflix at a littler size of activities and they are embraced endeavors to move by far most of their frameworks to cloud-based processors. On the off chance that they can't deal with the developing multifaceted nature of their bus iness, including improving, refining or overhauling our frameworks and operational practices, their business might be unfavorably influenced. . The enormous part of generosity in its complete resource is likewise a hazard. On the off chance that they can't offer great support and make purchasers fulfilled, it will languish an extremely awful impact over its benefit. In the event that they can't ensure their area names, their notoriety and brand could be unfavorably influenced. 7. Postponed accessibility of new discharge DVDs for rental could antagonistically influence Netflix’s business. In January 2012, Warner Home Entertainment reported it was expanding the time of deferral to fifty-six days.If different studios were to build the time of postponement and/or if their supporter fulfillment is contrarily affected by this expansion in the Warner delay, their business could be antagonistically affected. 8. Restrictive innovation to stream TV shows and films and to oversee differ ent parts of their activities, including preparing conveyance and return of their DVDs to their endorsers, and the disappointment of this innovation to work adequately could unfavorably influence their business. . In case of a seismic tremor or other common or man-made debacle, Netflix’s tasks could be antagonistically influenced. They will most likely be unable to adequately move their satisfaction and conveyance activities to deal with interruptions in administration emerging from these occasions. 10. They could be dependent upon financial, political, administrative and different dangers emerging from their universal tasks. 11. They may lose key workers or might be not able to enlist qualified representatives.

Digital Fortress Chapter 115-117 Free Essays

Section 115 The vacancy in David Becker’s mind was total. I am dead. But then there was a sound. We will compose a custom article test on Computerized Fortress Chapter 115-117 or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now A far off voice†¦ â€Å"David.† There was a confounding consuming underneath his arm. His blood was loaded up with fire. My body isn't my own. But there was a voice, calling to him. It was slim, far off. In any case, it was a piece of him. There were different voices excessively new, insignificant. Getting out. He battled to shut them out. There was just one voice that made a difference. It blurred in and out. â€Å"David†¦ I’m sorry†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There was a mottled light. Black out from the start, a solitary cut of grayness. Developing. Becker attempted to move. Agony. He attempted to talk. Quiet. The voice continued calling. Somebody was close to him, lifting him. Becker pushed toward the voice. Or then again would he say he was being moved? It was calling. He looked absently at the lit up picture. He could see her on a little screen. It was a lady, gazing up at him from a different universe. It is safe to say that she is watching me kick the bucket? â€Å"David†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The voice was recognizable. She was a holy messenger. She had desired him. The holy messenger talked. â€Å"David, I love you.† Out of nowhere he knew. Susan connected toward the screen, crying, giggling, lost in a deluge of feelings. She cleaned savagely at her tears. â€Å"David, I-I thought†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Field Agent Smith slipped David Becker into the seat confronting the screen. â€Å"He’s somewhat woozy, ma’am. Give him a second.† â€Å"B-but,† Susan was stammering, â€Å"I saw a transmission. It said†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Smith gestured. â€Å"We saw it as well. Hulohot tallied his chickens a little early.† â€Å"But the blood†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Flesh wound,† Smith answered. â€Å"We slapped a dressing on it.† Susan couldn’t talk. Operator Coliander channeled in from off camera. â€Å"We hit him with the new J23-long-acting immobilizer. Most likely hurt like heck, however we got him off the street.† â€Å"Don’t stress, ma’am,† Smith guaranteed. â€Å"He’ll be fine.† David Becker gazed at the TV screen before him. He was muddled, tipsy. The picture on the screen was of a room-a room loaded up with disorder. Susan was there. She was remaining on an open fix of floor, looking up at him. She was crying and giggling. â€Å"David. Express gratitude toward God! I thought I had lost you!† He scoured his sanctuary. He moved before the screen and pulled the gooseneck receiver toward his mouth. â€Å"Susan?† Susan looked up in wonder. David’s tough highlights currently filled the whole divider before her. His voice blasted. â€Å"Susan, I have to ask you something.† The reverberation and volume of Becker’s voice appeared to quickly suspend the activity in the databank. Everybody halted midstride and turned. â€Å"Susan Fletcher,† the voice resounded, â€Å"will you wed me?† A quiet spread over the room. A clipboard rattled to the floor alongside a cup of pencils. Nobody bowed to get them. There was just the swoon murmur of the terminal fans and the sound of David Becker’s consistent taking in his mouthpiece. â€Å"D-David†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Susan stammered, ignorant that thirty-seven individuals stood bolted behind her. â€Å"You as of now asked me, recall? Five months prior. I said yes.† â€Å"I know.† He grinned. â€Å"But this time†-he broadened his left hand into the camera and showed a brilliant band on his fourth finger-â€Å"this time I have a ring.† Section 116 â€Å"Read it, Mr. Becker!† Fontaine requested. Jabba sat perspiring, hands ready over his console. â€Å"Yes,† he stated, â€Å"read the favored inscription!† Susan Fletcher remained with them, feeble kneed and aglow. Everybody in the room had halted what they were doing and gazed up at the tremendous projection of David Becker. The educator contorted the ring in his fingers and contemplated the etching. â€Å"And read carefully!† Jabba instructed. â€Å"One grammatical error, and we’re screwed!† Fontaine gave Jabba an unforgiving look. On the off chance that there was one thing the chief of the NSA thought about, it was pressure circumstances; making extra strain was rarely savvy. â€Å"Relax, Mr. Becker. On the off chance that we commit an error, we’ll reappear the code till we get it right.† â€Å"Bad counsel, Mr. Becker,† Jabba snapped. â€Å"Get it right the first run through. Murder codes typically have a punishment statement to forestall experimentation speculating. Make a wrong section, and the cycle will most likely quicken. Make two inaccurate sections, and it will bolt us out for all time. Game over.† The chief grimaced and turned around to the screen. â€Å"Mr. Becker? My misstep. Peruse cautiously read incredibly carefully.† Becker gestured and read the ring for a second. At that point he serenely started discussing the engraving. â€Å"Q†¦ U†¦ I†¦ S†¦ space†¦ C†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Jabba and Susan hindered as one. â€Å"Space?† Jabba quit composing. â€Å"There’s a space?† Becker shrugged, checking the ring. â€Å"Yeah. There’s a lot of them.† â€Å"Am I missing something?† Fontaine requested. â€Å"What are we holding up for?† â€Å"Sir,† Susan stated, clearly perplexed. â€Å"It’s†¦ it’s just†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I agree,† Jabba said. â€Å"It’s weird. Passwords never have spaces.† Brinkerhoff gulped hard. â€Å"So, what are you saying?† â€Å"He’s saying,† Susan contributed, â€Å"that this may not be a murder code.† Brinkerhoff shouted out, â€Å"Of course it’s the slaughter code! What else might it be able to be? For what other reason would Tankado part with it? Who the damnation engraves a lot of arbitrary letters on a ring?† Fontaine hushed Brinkerhoff with a sharp glare. â€Å"Ah†¦ folks?† Becker added, seeming reluctant to get included. â€Å"You continue referencing arbitrary letters. I figure I should let you know†¦ the letters on this ring aren’t random.† Everybody on the platform shouted as one. â€Å"What!† Becker looked uncomfortable. â€Å"Sorry, however there are unquestionably words here. I’ll concede they’re engraved quite near one another; from the start it seems arbitrary, yet in the event that you look carefully you’ll see the engraving is actually†¦ well†¦ it’s Latin.† Jabba expanded. â€Å"You’re crapping me!† Becker shook his head. â€Å"No. It peruses, ‘Quis custodiet ipsos custodes.’ It makes an interpretation of generally to-â€Å" â€Å"Who will monitor the guards!† Susan interfered with, completing David’s sentence. Becker did a twofold take. â€Å"Susan, I didn’t realize you could-â€Å" â€Å"It’s from Satires of Juvenal,† she shouted. â€Å"Who will monitor the gatekeepers? Who will monitor the NSA while we watch the world? It was Tankado’s most loved saying!† â€Å"So,† Midge requested, â€Å"is it the pass-key, or not?† â€Å"It must be the pass-key,† Brinkerhoff announced. Fontaine stood quiet, evidently preparing the data. â€Å"I don’t know whether it’s the key,† Jabba said. â€Å"It appears to be probably not going to me that Tankado would utilize a nonrandom construction.† â€Å"Just overlook the spaces,† Brinkerhoff cried, â€Å"and type the damn code!† Fontaine went to Susan. â€Å"What’s your take, Ms. Fletcher?† She thought a second. She couldn’t very put her finger on it, however something didn’t feel right. Susan knew Tankado alright to realize he flourished with effortlessness. His confirmations and writing computer programs were constantly crystalline and outright. The way that the spaces should have been evacuated appeared to be odd. It was a minor detail, however it was an imperfection, unquestionably not spotless not what Susan would have expected as Ensei Tankado’s delegated blow. â€Å"It doesn’t feel right,† Susan at last said. â€Å"I don’t think it’s the key.† Fontaine sucked in a long breath, his dull eyes testing hers. â€Å"Ms. Fletcher, in your brain, if this isn't the key, for what reason would Ensei Tankado have parted with it? On the off chance that he knew we’d killed him-don’t you accept he’d need to rebuff us by making the ring disappear?† Another voice interfered with the exchange. â€Å"Ah†¦ Director?† Everyone's eyes went to the screen. It was Agent Coliander in Seville. He was hanging over Becker’s shoulder and talking into the mic. â€Å"For whatever it’s worth, I’m not entirely certain Mr. Tankado realized he was being murdered.† â€Å"I ask your pardon?† Fontaine requested. â€Å"Hulohot was a genius, sir. We saw the execute just fifty meters away. All proof proposes Tankado was unaware.† â€Å"Evidence?† Brinkerhoff requested. â€Å"What proof? Tankado parted with this ring. That’s verification enough!† â€Å"Agent Smith,† Fontaine intruded. â€Å"What makes you think Ensei Tankado was unconscious he was being killed?† Smith made a sound as if to speak. â€Å"Hulohot murdered him with a NTB-a noninvasive injury shot. It’s an elastic case that strikes the chest and spreads out. Quiet. Extremely spotless. Mr. Tankado would just have felt a sharp bang before going into heart arrest.† â€Å"A injury bullet,† Becker pondered to himself. â€Å"That clarifies the bruising.† â€Å"It’s doubtful,† Smith included, â€Å"that Tankado related the sensation with a gunman.† â€Å"And yet he parted with his ring,† Fontaine expressed. â€Å"True, sir. In any case, he never searched for his attacker. A casualty consistently searches for his aggressor when he’s been shot. It’s instinct.† Fontaine baffled. â

Sisterhood Essay Example For Students

Sisterhood Essay Generally, ladies have been consigned to a restricted job in the public arena. In our maledominated culture, a significant number of individuals see the normal job of ladies to be that ofmothers and spouses. In this way, for some, ladies are thought to be more appropriate for childbearing andhomemaking than for contribution in open life. In spite of these far reaching and administering beliefs,women, disappointed and tired of their inadequacy and subjection, started looking for individual andpolitical equity, including equivalent compensation, regenerative decision, and opportunity from conventionalMassive resistance to an interest for women’s correspondence with men incited theorganization of ladies to battle on the whole for their privileges. The origin of American feminismwas Seneca Falls, New York. Here in 1948, at a milestone show, the principal wave of women’srights activists accumulated. Their essential objective was to get casting a ballot rights for ladies (Moo re 1992,21). In the mid 1960’s, the seeds of persecution (which spread from prior common developments) werescattered and planted among other disappointed ladies. These seeds started to flourish, and growdramatically, at first inside the setting of the development of increasingly broad and far reaching leftradicalism in Western social orders. Subsequently, starting around 1965, the second rush of women’srights activists started to rise with an independent motivation for female freedom. Themovement’s objective was to make sure about equivalent monetary, political, and social rights for ladies. The women’s freedom development was made out of a relationship of ladies workingtogether in a typical reason. Youthful radical ladies who had been dynamic in the Civil RightsMovement assembled in little gatherings and started to concentrate on arranging so as to changeattitudes, social develops, the impression of society toward ladies, and, for the most part, to raise theThe ladies received the stage â€Å"Sisterhood is Powerful,† with an end goal to communicate concisely the point of the development. This motto was likewise an endeavor to bind together ladies by stating a sharedconnection and situation, and consequently to assemble central and enduring attachment. â€Å"Sisterhoodis powerful† was grasped by the ladies so as to pass on a typical character of sisterhood,one immovably grounded in family-based ideas of reliance. Natural sisterhood is aneasily comprehended relationship inside the family unit. As indicated by social character hypothesis, one approach to characterize a â€Å"in-group† is to characterize anâ€Å"out-group† (Hinkle and Brown 1990, 48). The freedom development endeavored to characterize femalesas the â€Å"in-group† and guys as the â€Å"out-group,† with the two gatherings particularly and sharplyseparated.The mobilizing cry â€Å"Sisterhood is Powerful† was essentially in tended to set theidentity of the â€Å"in-group.† However, truly, it is simpler to characterize racial gatherings than it is todefine sexual orientation bunches as independent divisions, since dark individuals and white individuals are generallygeographically and socially isolated from one another, white people are most certainly not. So as to join ladies effectively into the development, it was basic to broadenand extend the importance of sisterhood to that of a typical bond between ladies. Consolidatedby sisterhood, by a typical association of sex, heterogeneous ladies were normal todevelop a loyalty and regular reason. Despite the fact that the ladies working inside the movementwere for the most part white and working class (Tax, 319), the trademark â€Å"Sisterhood is Powerful† was directedat all ladies wedded and single, youthful, moderately aged, and old, moms and little girls, of everyrace and religion, rich, poor, utilized, jobless, ladies on government assistance, and those with differentcultures and sexual directions (DuPlessis and Snitow, 15). The target of the motto was tofoster a typical character for the multifaceted gathering of ladies who were focused on (or mightbe focused on) women’s freedom. Strengthening for ladies was viewed as both possibleand achievable just inside the setting of this kind of basic character. Hence, by organizingcollectively these ladies would secure ability to turn into a power with which to be figured. Similarly significant, as a firm gathering, the ladies would be hard to isolate and smother. As indicated by the philosophy of women’s freedom, the solidarity of those joined in sisterhoodguaranteed the capacity, yet in addition the methods required to acquire their objective of equaleconomic, political, and social rights for ladies. In the United States, where a male centric culture commands, a segregated lady lackspersonal and political force and conveys nearly nothing, assuming any, impact. In reality, most of females inthe women’s freedom development plainly comprehended from before encounters that the solitaryvoice of a lady would be treated by men as unimportant, and would in this way have

How to Make Your Essay Topic More Useful

How to Make Your Essay Topic More UsefulIn order to help students with their inquiry essay, it is important that they know what the main components of a successful research paper are. There are generally two major components to a research paper, and these are the data and the analysis. Of course, there will be the essay itself, which will be the key component of the essay as well.Essay writing should be made as easy as possible for the student, so that they can focus more on the essay itself and less on the details of the essay. Sometimes students have a difficult time dealing with the detailed information that comes along with the other components of a research paper. As a result, it can be hard for them to remember certain pieces of information. Because of this, it can be beneficial for them to separate their essay into three different parts.Students who study abroad in another country may find that they need to take more than one topic into consideration when creating an essay. Fo r example, they may want to include a different topic for each country that they visit. For example, they may want to include a different topic for each city they visit, as well as a different topic for each country. There are many ways to do this, but one way that is particularly useful for those students who live abroad is to organize their essay into three sections. Then, they can choose which topic they want to use during each section.The first question asked to students about their essay topics will be about their research methods. They will need to be clear about the methods that they will use in order to make their research as accurate as possible. Before they actually begin writing, they should make sure that they know exactly what they are going to do before they start working on their research. The majority of students have a preference for certain types of research, so it can be helpful for them to include this in their research topic.The second question that will be aske d will focus on the type of research method that they plan to use. Students will need to decide what research method that they will use, and what research they will conduct before they write an essay. For example, they may decide to conduct a survey, they may decide to read a book or listen to a recording. Whatever the case, they will need to give examples of the type of research that they plan to do before they write an essay.The last question that will be asked is about the actual structure of the essay. The structure will depend on the type of essay that the student has decided to write. For example, a narrative essay will use a different structure than a research essay. When creating an essay, students will need to take into account what type of structure that they need to use.Finally, the student will be asked about the specifics of their specific research questions. The students will be asked how they will answer questions, and what specific information that they will need to include in their essay. For example, they may be asked to write an essay about their experiences in the United States, or they may need to write an essay about the case study.When students prepare their essay topics, they will be aware of what questions they will need to answer and what information that they will need to include. However, they may need to write more than one essay. In that case, they will be able to choose the topic that they want to work on first and then start writing their other essays.

Civil Procedure In Two Legal Systems - Free Essay Example

As far as I know, human right starts from his birth, and it never loses until his or her death. However majority people understand law differently but minority think that law is not as important as much during our lifelong. If we look to its history, law is used from ancient times and it has developed year by year. There are as many legal systems as countries in the world. However, There are some differences and similarity between Criminal and Civil law. 1.1 About Law There are many ideas and theories about law. Law is set of rules which are established by government to maintain stability and justice in society (Brown and Sukys, 2006). Law has relationship with ethics. According to Brown and Sukys (2006), ethics is determining what societys values ought to be. If ethical rules always reached the same ethical result, and if everyone always acted by those results, there would be no need for law (Brown and Sukys, 2006). Law was established in ancient times and developed year by year. Law was developed in Babylonia, Mesopotamia, ancient Greece and Roman Empire, etc (aboutlawschools.org, 2010). Many people contribute for development of law. Greek philosopher Aristotle says that Law is order, and good law is good order. 2. Main part 2.1 General concept of currently existing systems in the world Generally, most differentiated legal families are Civil law system, Common law system and Islamic law (religious) law systems. Each of these systems has their own peculiarity. The Civil law or continental law is major system of law in the world. Usually, it is written codes, all rules and regulations are written in advance (New World Encyclopedia, 2010). Furthermore, a civil law system has most Eurasia countries comprising Central Asia, China, Korea, Uzbekistan and Latin America. However, each country has different codes. Connecting to this, judge makes decision bases on written codes. The most essential examples of codes are the Napoleon code, Swiss Code and German code. The history of civil legal system is started from Roman Empire in 449 BC and it developed of Corpus Juris Civilis  [1]  . This law was created by the decision of Emperor Justinian (527-565). In those times Roman Empire was one of the potent large groups of states or countries statute over by single emperor with several senates. The study of Roman law was conducted in North Italy at Bologna (Encyclopedia.com, 2008). Scholars and judges trained Roman law, these developed rules by them used in national courts to solve legal disputes  [2]  . Coming 11th century the Common law was developed in England and it is widespread other countries which can speak in English such as USA (except Louisiana), Australia, Canada (except Quebec) and others. Common law system is based on cases rather than written principles and decisions made by judges not by parliament or another organization(Britannica Encyclopedia, 2010).According to Britannica Encyclopedia (2010), common laws precedents is know as stare decisis (Latin: let the decision stand). Each people have their interests, feelings and ideas about Common law. For instance, Frederic Mishkin claim that The common law system in which the law is continually reinterpreted by judges ends up protecting property rights far more than others and makes it easier to enforce restrictive covenants. It means that in common law most decision made by judges. The youngest legal system is Islamic law, differently known as Sharia. Islamic law covers ritual and all aspects of life (Encyclopedia.com, 2008). Sharia is in an Arabic word which means the way. However it is a legal system which control Muslim life in every part of earth including business and finance, political and social issues on the earth .According to Muslim view that, these laws are an expression of Gods will. Sharia is mostly based on two major sources like Koran, which is the saintly book of Islam, contained of the words of Allah; and the Sunnah the set of deeds and words of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Secondary source of Sharia is consensus of opinions and interpretations of religious scholars (gulf-law.com, 2010). In comparison, in Islamic law judges do not refer to previous cases as in common legal system. 2.2 Criminal procedure in Continental and Common Law Legal Systems Before knowing criminal procedure we should know what is crime and what does it involve? Crime is an act against publics well being (Brown and Sukys, 2006). I would like to refer Mr. Owens view (2001) who believes that the crime is a legal wrong doing of one or more persons in which he or she liable to be prosecuted and punished by state. According to Brown and Sukys (2006), government or state represents public interest. There are several people involve in criminal trial procedure: judge, plaintiff, public prosecutor, defendant. Each of these words has their definition: Judge- is a person who has right to come to decision legal cases. However plaintiff is the person who makes a formal complaint against somebody in court. Prosecutor is the person who brings case to the court (Owens, 2001). Connecting to this, defendant is prosecuted and if he found guilty or not guilty  [3]  . According to Brown and Sukys (2006) The prosecutor is the government attorney who presents the case in court against the person accused, called the defendant. Criminal procedure involves a set of rules through which a government enforces criminal laws  [4]  . Common law and civil legal systems vary considerable in criminal procedure  [5]  . As I mentioned above that civil legal system, is written codes by legal scholars and judges. Judges make decision in criminal procedures according to written rules. The criminal procedure involves government and individuals. Generally, the judge in a civil legal system participate a more actively in determining the facts of the case (experiencefestival.com, 2010). Many civil legal system countries examine main crimes using a so-called inquisitorial system (experiencefestival.com, 2010). In addition, civil law depends much more on written argument than oral argument (experiencefestival.com, 2010). As I wrote earlier common law mainly is based on judge made and previous cases. Criminal procedure in common law also relies on decision m ade by judge. According to Carnes (2010), in common law prosecutor obliged to seek justice more than advocate the defendants interest  [6]  . In addition, Carnes (2010) said that in trials judges are comparatively passive and the act like referee while prosecution and the defense initiate almost all action  [7]  . If defendant is convicted, the judge will determine the sentence and if defendant behaves well or mitigating circumstances that may lead to lighter sentence  [8]  . 2.3 Civil procedure in Continental and Common Law Legal Systems In general, civil procedure is concerned with private relations between members of community (Martin, 2003). For example, when people have arguments about inheritance, they go to civil court. Usually, in civil cases wronged party compensate loss or injury with money or specific action to suffered party (Brown and Sukys, 2006). However, this kind of punishment does not help to protect society  [9]  . Civil procedure treated differently in common law and continental legal systems. As we know that civil law usually written codes and all rules are written in it, however civil procedure deals with relationship between people. On the other hand, in continental European countries, the usual ground for jurisdiction is the habitual residence of the defendant in the particular state (Shaw, 2003). The civil procedure in common law developed since the sixteenth century and it still developing. Mainly, the issues are discussed within the court. In other world, it has released into wri tten codes of procedure. As Shaw (2003) states that in the common law countries like USA and Great Britain, the civil cases remain service of writ upon the defendant within country and it is usual basis for jurisdiction. According to Uff (2004), civil courts have an inherent jurisdiction to regulate their own procedure in ways which is not covered by statutory rules and it was acknowledged in common law legal system. As stated by Uff (2004), now trial in the most common law systems, one judge decides all issues of law and fact and delivers conclusion of the trial. 2.4 Difference of Criminal and Civil procedure in two legal systems It is generally agreed today that the Criminal and Civil procedure are different case of law. If we talk about Civil procedural law is generally to be found in rules of court made. According to Shaw (2003), civil procedure has been claimed far wider grounds by the state than has been in criminal cases. Also, Shaw (2003) claims This is partly due to the fact that public opinion is far more easily roused where a person is tried abroad for criminal offences than if a person is involved in a civil case. The primary difference between Criminal and Civil procedure is the steps which involve in process. The criminal case starts between the government and defendant, while civil procedure begins between two equal parties. The other difference is way of penalizing the accused person in the procedures. The criminal case may end up with punishment such as time in prison, probation or fine (amount of money). But civil procedure defends human rights and applies compensation for the case  [10]  . 3. Conclusion All of this point to the conclusion that law has a very wide meaning. It is used in every aspect of our lives. In the modern society, each individual should know about his rights. At the same time, law also requires the specific rules for each kind of behavior and expands to the procedures and the different types of law. In addition, as I mentioned above there are three main legal systems like Common legal system, civil legal system and Islamic (religious) legal systems as the evidence of wide meaning of law.

Social, Political, Geographical, Cultural, And Historical...

This essay will discuss my work partner Ben’s migration to New Zealand in 2012. The essay will detail his experiences regarding the social, political, geographical, cultural, and historical changes due to her migration. This essay will also discuss a variety of intercultural theories most importantly, culture shock†¦. Through the applications of concepts and intercultural theories, this essay will be able to provide a cross examination of Ben’s life in Whales compared to his new one in New Zealand. Furthermore, it will be able to emphasise his sense of cultural belonging and how it did change between his old home and his new one. Ben is currently a third year student at Auckland University studying a degree in commerce/finance. In 2012, his family migrated to New Zealand so his mother could pursue better work opportunities. Ben grew up in an area of Wales called Chester. His family lived in a quintensental Victorian white house with brown frames attached to neighbouring houses. 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